一、建造者模式练习1、电脑组装工厂可以将cpu、主板、显卡、显示器等硬件设备组装在一起构成一台完整的电脑， 且构成的电脑可以是笔记本， 也可以是台式机。对于用户而言， 无须关心电脑的组成设备和组装过程， 工厂返回给用户的是完整的电脑对象。使用建造者模式实现电脑组装过程， 要求编程实现。builderdirectorbuildcpu ()voidbuildmotherboard 0voidconstruct ( ) : productbuildgrapgics ()voidbuilddisplay 0voidgetproduct ()productconcretebuilder1contretebuilder2buildcpu (): voidbuildcpu ()voidbuildmotherboard0: voidbuildmotherboard0voidbuildgrapgics (): voidbuildgrapgics 0void+ builddisplay 0: voidbuilddisplay (): voidgetproduct (): productgetproduct

建造者模式是一种创建型设计模式，它允许你分步骤创建复杂对象。通过将对象的构建过程与其表示分离，使得同样的构建过程可以创建不同的表示。 下面是一个使用建造者模式实现电脑组装过程的示例代码： ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <string> // 产品类 class Computer { public: void setCPU(const std::string& cpu) { m_cpu = cpu; } void setMotherboard(const std::string& motherboard) { m_motherboard = motherboard; } void setGraphicsCard(const std::string& graphicsCard) { m_graphicsCard = graphicsCard; } void setDisplay(const std::string& display) { m_display = display; } void showSpec() const { std::cout << "Computer Specifications:" << std::endl; std::cout << "CPU: " << m_cpu << std::endl; std::cout << "Motherboard: " << m_motherboard << std::endl; std::cout << "Graphics Card: " << m_graphicsCard << std::endl; std::cout << "Display: " << m_display << std::endl; } private: std::string m_cpu; std::string m_motherboard; std::string m_graphicsCard; std::string m_display; }; // 抽象建造者类 class ComputerBuilder { public: virtual ~ComputerBuilder() {} virtual void buildCPU() = 0; virtual void buildMotherboard() = 0; virtual void buildGraphicsCard() = 0; virtual void buildDisplay() = 0; virtual Computer* getProduct() = 0; }; // 具体建造者1：笔记本建造者 class LaptopBuilder : public ComputerBuilder { public: LaptopBuilder() { m_computer = new Computer(); } void buildCPU() override { m_computer->setCPU("Intel i5"); } void buildMotherboard() override { m_computer->setMotherboard("ASUS Motherboard"); } void buildGraphicsCard() override { m_computer->setGraphicsCard("NVIDIA GTX"); } void buildDisplay() override { m_computer->setDisplay("15.6 inch Display"); } Computer* getProduct() override { return m_computer; } private: Computer* m_computer; }; // 具体建造者2：台式机建造者 class DesktopBuilder : public ComputerBuilder { public: DesktopBuilder() { m_computer = new Computer(); } void buildCPU() override { m_computer->setCPU("AMD Ryzen 7"); } void buildMotherboard() override { m_computer->setMotherboard("MSI Motherboard"); } void buildGraphicsCard() override { m_computer->setGraphicsCard("NVIDIA RTX 3080"); } void buildDisplay() override { m_computer->setDisplay("27 inch Display"); } Computer* getProduct() override { return m_computer; } private: Computer* m_computer; }; // 指挥者类 class Director { public: void setBuilder(ComputerBuilder* builder) { m_builder = builder; } void constructComputer() { if (m_builder) { m_builder->buildCPU(); m_builder->buildMotherboard(); m_builder->buildGraphicsCard(); m_builder->buildDisplay(); } } private: ComputerBuilder* m_builder = nullptr; }; int main() { Director director; LaptopBuilder laptopBuilder; DesktopBuilder desktopBuilder; // 构建笔记本电脑 director.setBuilder(&laptopBuilder); director.constructComputer(); Computer* laptop = laptopBuilder.getProduct(); laptop->showSpec(); std::cout << std::endl; // 构建台式机 director.setBuilder(&desktopBuilder); director.constructComputer(); Computer* desktop = desktopBuilder.getProduct(); desktop->showSpec(); std::cout << std::endl; delete laptop; delete desktop; return 0; } ``` 在这个示例中，我们定义了一个 `Computer` 类来表示最终的产品。然后，我们定义了一个抽象的 `ComputerBuilder` 类，以及两个具体的建造者类 `LaptopBuilder` 和 `DesktopBuilder`，分别用于构建笔记本电脑和台式机。我们定义了一个 `Director` 类来协调建造过程。在 `main` 函数中，我们演示了如何使用这些类来构建不同类型的电脑。 [2024-10-31 16:20:44 | AI写代码神器 | 1205点数解答]