选题3：“银行排队系统”模拟难度系数：7排队系统是利用现代网络通信技术和计算机信息管理技术来代替传统排队的 系统，从本质上改善传统排队管理所存在的拥挤、嘈杂、混乱现象、避免各种不必要的 纠纷。通过使用排队系统，由传统的客户站立排队变为取票进队、排队等待、叫号服务，由传统物理的多个队列变成为一个逻辑队列，使先来后服务得到了保障。假设某银行有n个窗口展开对外接待服务，从早上银行开门起不断有客户进入。客户在客户人数众多时需要选择窗口排队，约定的规定如下：a)顾客到达银行时能拿到排队号码，并能知道需要等待的人数。如果是vip客户直接进入vip窗口，无须加入普通客户的等待。b)可以查看每个银行窗口正在给几号客户办理业务。c)顾客离开银行时，有评价窗口银行职员服务的平台。采用合适的算法，针对算法设计合理的数据结构，进行程序求解，要求：1、书写思路分析，对使用的算法的核心部分的原理进行详细说明；2、必要的时候结合图表、流程图（或伪代码）进行说明；3、给出源代码清单，源代码清单必须要有一定量的注释；4、在确保算法正确性的前提下，尽量使用面向对象思想，代码风格优良；5、采用c++实现以上要求的完整代码，

思路分析 为了实现银行排队系统，我们需要设计一个能够处理多个窗口、VIP客户和普通客户的系统。以下是详细的步骤和算法说明： 1. 数据结构设计： - Customer: 表示，包括客户ID、是否为VIP等。 - Window: 表示银行窗口，包括当前正在服务的顾客、等待队列等。 - Bank: 管理所有窗口和客户的整体逻辑。 2. 核心算法： - 客户到达：生成客户ID，如果是VIP客户直接分配到VIP窗口，否则加入普通客户的等待队列。 - 服务窗口：每个窗口轮流从等待队列中取出客户进行服务，并记录服务时间。 - 客户离开：客户完成服务后离开，并可以对服务进行评价。 3. 面向对象设计： - 使用类来封装不同的实体（如Customer, Window, Bank）。 - 使用队列来管理等待的客户。 - 使用优先队列或其他机制来优化VIP客户的服务。 4. 流程图与伪代码： - 描述客户到达、服务窗口、客户离开的流程。 - 提供伪代码以帮助理解算法逻辑。 数据结构与类设计 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <unordered_map> class Customer { public: int id; bool isVIP; std::string serviceFeedback; Customer(int id, bool isVIP) : id(id), isVIP(isVIP), serviceFeedback("") {} }; class Window { public: int windowId; std::queue<Customer*> customerQueue; Customer* currentCustomer; Window(int id) : windowId(id), currentCustomer(nullptr) {} void serveNextCustomer() { if (!customerQueue.empty()) { currentCustomer = customerQueue.front(); customerQueue.pop(); std::cout << "Serving customer " << currentCustomer->id << " at window " << windowId << std::endl; } else { currentCustomer = nullptr; } } void finishService() { if (currentCustomer != nullptr) { std::cout << "Customer " << currentCustomer->id << " finished service at window " << windowId << std::endl; currentCustomer = nullptr; } } }; class Bank { private: std::vector<Window*> windows; std::queue<Customer*> vipQueue; std::queue<Customer*> normalQueue; int nextCustomerId; int vipWindowId; public: Bank(int numWindows, int vipWindowId) : nextCustomerId(1), vipWindowId(vipWindowId) { for (int i = 0; i < numWindows; ++i) { windows.push_back(new Window(i + 1)); } } ~Bank() { for (auto window : windows) { delete window; } } void customerArrives(bool isVIP) { Customer* newCustomer = new Customer(nextCustomerId++, isVIP); if (isVIP && vipWindowId > 0 && vipWindowId <= windows.size()) { windows[vipWindowId - 1]->customerQueue.push(newCustomer); } else { normalQueue.push(newCustomer); } std::cout << "Customer " << newCustomer->id << " arrives" << (isVIP ? " as VIP" : "") << std::endl; } void assignNormalCustomers() { while (!normalQueue.empty()) { for (auto window : windows) { if (window->currentCustomer == nullptr && !normalQueue.empty()) { window->customerQueue.push(normalQueue.front()); normalQueue.pop(); } } } } void process() { for (auto window : windows) { if (window->currentCustomer == nullptr) { window->serveNextCustomer(); } else { window->finishService(); } } } }; ``` 源代码清单及注释 ```cpp #include <iostream> #include <queue> #include <vector> #include <string> #include <unordered_map> // Customer class to represent a customer in the bank system class Customer { public: int id; // Customer ID bool isVIP; // Is the customer a VIP? std::string serviceFeedback; // Service feedback from the customer after leaving the bank // Constructor to initialize a customer with an ID and VIP status Customer(int id, bool isVIP) : id(id), isVIP(isVIP), serviceFeedback("") {} }; // Window class to represent a bank window that serves customers class Window { public: int windowId; // Window ID std::queue<Customer*> customerQueue; // Queue of customers waiting for service at this window Customer* currentCustomer; // Currently serving customer, if any // Constructor to initialize a window with an ID Window(int id) : windowId(id), currentCustomer(nullptr) {} // Method to serve the next customer in the queue void serveNextCustomer() { if (!customerQueue.empty()) { currentCustomer = customerQueue.front(); // Get the next customer from the queue customerQueue.pop(); // Remove the customer from the queue std::cout << "Serving customer " << currentCustomer->id << " at window " << windowId << std::endl; } else { currentCustomer = nullptr; // No customer to serve } } // Method to mark the current customer as finished and clear the current customer slot void finishService() { if (currentCustomer != nullptr) { std::cout << "Customer " << currentCustomer->id << " finished service at window " << windowId << std::endl; currentCustomer = nullptr; // Clear the current customer slot } } }; // Bank class to manage all windows and customers in the bank system class Bank { private: std::vector<Window*> windows; // List of all bank windows std::queue<Customer*> vipQueue; // Queue for VIP customers waiting for service std::queue<Customer*> normalQueue; // Queue for regular customers waiting for service int nextCustomerId; // Next customer ID to be assigned int vipWindowId; // ID of the VIP window, if any public: // Constructor to initialize the bank with a given number of windows and a specific VIP window ID (if any) Bank(int numWindows, int vipWindowId) : nextCustomerId(1), vipWindowId(vipWindowId) { for (int i = 0; i < numWindows; ++i) { windows.push_back(new Window(i + 1)); // Create and add windows to the bank } } // Destructor to clean up allocated memory for windows ~Bank() { for (auto window : windows) { delete window; // Delete each window object } } // Method to handle the arrival of a new customer at the bank void customerArrives(bool isVIP) { Customer* newCustomer = new Customer(nextCustomerId++, isVIP); // Create a new customer with the next available ID and VIP status if (isVIP && vipWindowId > 0 && vipWindowId <= windows.size()) { // If the customer is VIP and there's a designated VIP window windows[vipWindowId - 1]->customerQueue.push(newCustomer); // Add the VIP customer directly to the VIP window's queue } else { // Otherwise, add the customer to the normal queue normalQueue.push(newCustomer); // Add the customer to the normal queue for later assignment to a window } std::cout << "Customer " << newCustomer->id << " arrives" << (isVIP ? " as VIP" : "") << std::endl; // Print arrival message } // Method to assign normal customers to available windows from the normal queue void assignNormalCustomers() { while (!normalQueue.empty()) { // While there are customers in the normal queue for (auto window : windows) { // Iterate through all windows [2024-12-11 15:11:23 | AI写代码神器 | 2048点数解答]